Author Archive for mmaheigan

A Microbial Conveyor Belt Beneath the South Pacific

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, October 17th, 2025 

Global overturning circulation is a planetary conveyor belt: dense waters sink around Antarctica, spread through the deep ocean for centuries, and eventually rise elsewhere, redistributing heat, nutrients, and carbon. But how does this slow, pervasive movement of water impact marine microbes?

 

To find out, researchers collected over 300 water samples spanning the full depth of the ocean along the GO-SHIP P18 line in the South Pacific. They found that microbial genomes cluster into six spatial cohorts that are not only delineated by depth, but also circulatory features, like Antarctic Bottom Water formation, and ventilation age. Distinct functional signatures also emerged across these circulation-driven zones. For example, genes for light harvesting and iron uptake dominate in surface waters, while adaptations for cold, high pressure, or anaerobic metabolism characterize deep and ancient waters. Antarctic Bottom Water communities also carry hallmarks of rapid genetic exchange, suggesting horizontal gene transfer may help microbes adapt as they sink into the deep ocean. Even in waters isolated from the atmosphere for over a thousand years, many microbial genomes have coverage patterns that imply active replication, demonstrating that long-isolated water masses still support active microbial populations. In considering patterns of microbial diversity, researchers also identified a pervasive “prokaryotic phylocline” in which richness spikes just below the surface mixed layer and remains high to full ocean depth, only dipping slightly in very old water.

These results demonstrate that physical circulation, not just temperature or nutrients, partitions the ocean into microbial biomes. Understanding this linkage is critical because microbes determine the amount of carbon that is recycled or stored long-term in the deep ocean. As climate change alters overturning circulation, the functioning of these hidden microbial ecosystems and their role in regulating atmospheric CO₂ may shift in unexpected ways.

Authors
Bethany C. Kolody (University of California San Diego; UC Berkeley; J. Craig Venter Institute)
Rohan Sachdeva (UC Berkeley)
Hong Zheng (J. Craig Venter Institute)
Zoltán Füssy (UC San Diego; J. Craig Venter Institute)
Eunice Tsang (UC Berkeley)
Rolf E. Sonnerup (University of Washington)
Sarah G. Purkey (UC San Diego)
Eric E. Allen (UC San Diego)
Jillian F. Banfield (UC Berkeley; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Monash University)
Andrew E. Allen (UC San Diego; JCVI)

Social media
Twitter/X: @science_doodles, @Scripps_Ocean, @JCVenterInst
Bluesky: @banfieldlab.bsky.social, @bethanykolody.bsky.social, @scrippsocean.bsky.social, @jcvi.org

 

 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv6903
Overturning circulation structures the microbial functional seascape of the South Pacific
Science

Marine plant metabolites give marine microbes gas

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, October 17th, 2025 

A recent study in Nature Geosciences observed high concentrations of methane overlying permeable (sand) sand sediments in bays in Denmark and Australia. These environments are not one would expect to see methane because they are highly oxygenated and the high concentrations of sulfate in seawater typically inhibit methanogenesis. The authors showed that the methane was not being imported from local groundwater using geochemical methods. Using a combination of biogeochemical, microbial isolation, culturing and genomic approaches, revealed that methane was being produced by fast growing microbes resistant to oxygen exposure using plant produced substrates such as dimethylsulfide and amines. This work shows that where marine plants such as seaweed and seagrass grow and accumulate there may be high and sporadic production of methane. This has implications for how we account for the carbon sequestering capacity of coastal environments and the climate impact of increasing algal blooms such as coastal Ulva and the great sargassum bloom.

Authors
Perran Cook (Monash University)
Ning Hall (University of free spirit)

 

 

IIOSC 2025 + IIOE-2 ECR opp

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, October 10th, 2025 

IIOSC – 2025, International Indian Ocean Science Conference – 2025: Celebrating 10 years of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition

1-5 December 2025 at INCOIS, Hyderabad, India

Website: https://iiosc2025.incois.gov.in/

Important Dates

———————————————–

We are pleased to announce that applications are now open for new core committee members of the Early Career Scientists Network (ECSN) of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2). The ECSN provides a platform for early career researchers working on Indian Ocean science to connect, collaborate, and contribute to the broader goals of the IIOE-2. Eligibility criteria: 1. Applicants should be either a PhD student, postdoctoral researcher, or scientist with less than 10 years since obtaining their PhD or under the age of 40 (whichever comes first). 2. Applicants must be actively engaged in Indian Ocean research. If you are interested, please complete the application form attached to this e-mail and send it to ecsn.iioe@gmail.com. The deadline for submission is 24 October 2025. We encourage motivated early career scientists to apply, and kindly ask you to re-distribute this call within your network so it can reach as many eligible colleagues as possible.

From smoke to sea, how wildfire ash reshapes ocean microbial life

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, September 26th, 2025 

When wildfire smoke drifts over the ocean, what happens beneath the waves? As wildfires change in nature and become more frequent, it’s increasingly important to understand how ash deposition affects the ocean’s smallest, yet most essential, inhabitants.

Figure 1. Conceptual illustration of coastal wildfires. Coarse-mode smoke including ash, rich in organic matter and low in minerals, is likely to settle near the fire source. Fine-mode smoke, with lower organic content and higher mineral composition, disperses farther. Wildfire smoke deposition can introduce both fertilizing nutrients, such as inorganic nitrogen and iron, and more toxic compounds, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) species like aromatic hydrocarbons, affecting marine trophic levels. Additionally, wildfire smoke on the ocean surface may alter sunlight penetration, impacting phytoplankton photosynthesis.

In a recent study, the authors investigated how wildfire ash leachate influences coastal microbial communities. Through field incubations along the California coast, we found that ash-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) increased bacterioplankton specific growth rates and organic matter remineralization, while leaving bacterial growth efficiency unchanged. This suggests that the added DOM was primarily used to fuel basic cellular functions rather than biomass production. Meanwhile, microzooplankton grazing declined, even as phytoplankton division rates remained stable, hinting at a decoupling of predator-prey dynamics that could promote phytoplankton accumulation.

Pre-existing phytoplankton biomass had a greater influence on microbial responses than the chemical composition of the ash itself. In low-biomass waters, bacteria more readily consumed the ash-derived DOM. In contrast, in high-biomass waters, the leachate was less bioavailable, potentially allowing more refractory ash-derived carbon to accumulate. These baseline differences appeared to influence phytoplankton size structure: smaller cells increased in high-biomass settings, while larger cells became more prevalent in low-biomass waters. These shifts may have implications for nutrient cycling, food web structure, and carbon export pathways, depending on how microbial activity and community composition respond in situ.

 

Authors
Nicholas Baetge (Oregon State University)
Kimberly Halsey (Oregon State University)
Erin Hanan (University of Nevada, Reno)
Michael Behrenfeld (Oregon State University)
Allen Milligan (Oregon State University)
Jason Graff (Oregon State University)
Parker Hansen (Oregon State University)
Craig Carlson (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Rene Boiteau (University of Minnesota)
Eleanor Arrington (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Jacqueline Comstock (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Elisa Halewood (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Elizabeth Harvey (University of New Hampshire)
Norm Nelson (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Keri Opalk (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Brian Ver Wey (Oregon State University)

How does a persistent eddy impact the biological carbon pump?

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, September 26th, 2025 

The Lofoten Basin Eddy (LBE) is a unique and persistent anticyclonic feature of the Norwegian Sea that stirs the water column year-round. However, its impact on biogeochemical processes that influence region carbon storage, including carbon fixation, particle aggregation and fragmentation, and remineralization, has remained largely unknown.

Figure caption: (a) Map of the Lofoten Basin Eddy study region including locations of 1886 profiles from 22 Biogeochemical-Argo floats (2010–2022) and a heatmap showing the relative extent of the LBE influence zone over the timeseries. (b–d) Mean monthly profiles and the difference (Δ) determined as inside minus outside the LBE influence zone of the mass concentration of particulate organic carbon in small particles (POCs). Arrows indicate key mechanisms regulating the regional biological carbon.

Using 12 years of data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and satellite altimetry to track eddy movements, Koestner et al. (2025) examined how the LBE influences the seasonal transport of organic carbon from surface waters to the deep ocean. While the LBE can enhance carbon export during certain months, like during spring shoaling and late autumn subduction, it generally reduces the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Inside the eddy, warmer subsurface waters and slower-sinking particles often lead to more respiration and remineralization, meaning less carbon reached the deep sea.

The LBE’s persistent influence on organic carbon cycling could affect regional climate feedbacks and marine ecosystems, including key fisheries in Norway. Understanding how features like the LBE modulate carbon sequestration is vital for improving climate models and managing ocean resources in a warming Arctic.

 

Authors
Daniel Koestner (University of Bergen)
Sophie Clayton (National Oceanography Centre)
Paul Lerner (Columbia University)
Alexandra E. Jones-Kellett (MIT & WHOI)
Stevie L. Walker (University of Washington)

2026 OCB Activity Proposals due Oct 24 + info webinar recording

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Thursday, September 18th, 2025 

Proposal info webinar September 23, 3-4pm

This webinar featured recent successful OCB activities and their PIs, Q&A with Project Office staff on community building and what makes a successful OCB proposal and activity.

Watch the webinar recording

The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Program is soliciting proposals for OCB activities that will take place or begin during the 2026 calendar year. We seek proposals for OCB-relevant workshops and activities as follows:

  • Workshops and training activities – These activities bring together practitioners across disciplines to build community and/or capacity on OCB-relevant topics (see scientific scope below). A training activity is typically limited to 30-40 participants, and a topical workshop is typically limited to 50-60 participants. A hybrid format is strongly encouraged to broaden input and impact. We also welcome proposals for fully virtual workshops and training activities. The participant selection process for training activities should use a pre-determined evaluative rubric. Budgets for these activities will be capped at $70,000.
  • Small group activities – These activities have a specific focus and set of outcomes. They are typically limited to ~8-16 participants and 1-2 years in duration. The majority of participant interaction must take place virtually. Work is to be completed both synchronously and asynchronously via Zoom and collaborative tools (e.g., Google Suite). A small amount of funding (add-on hotel night, food and beverage) can be provided to accommodate a side meeting in conjunction with other workshops (OCB, AGU, OSM, etc.), and publication costs. If a small group activity is a follow-on or direct outgrowth of a previous OCB activity, this connection should be explicitly noted, and PIs must address how this activity will further advance progress. Budgets for these activities will be capped at $15,000.
  • Regional hubs – This is a relatively new OCB activity model (based on the OCB-supported regional mCDR nodes) that aims to foster community building at the regional scale on OCB-relevant topics, including practitioners across sectors, disciplines, and career stages. A small amount of funding is provided to support one large or a series of smaller gatherings, as well as funding to support outcomes (e.g., publications, outreach materials, etc.). There is no travel/lodging support available for these activities, as all participants should be local or within driving distance of a regional hub. Budgets for these activities will be capped at $10,000.

Read the full solicitation

SSC openings for Surface Ocean CO2 Observing Network (SOCONET)

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Wednesday, September 17th, 2025 

The Surface Ocean CO2 Observing Network (SOCONET), an emerging observing network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), is looking for applications to join our Steering Committee (SOCONET SC) for term beginning on 1 December 2025. Please share the attached call document with your networks.

The newly selected SC members will join those currently acting as interim SC (list in the attached SOCONET Terms of Reference) to develop and deliver a comprehensive and effective set of coordination activities for SOCONET. These activities will include:

  • The SOCONET SC will develop and provide oversight for execution of the SOCONET Implementation Plan including a clear strategy to secure the network coordination function.
  • The SOCONET SC shall oversee the coordination of surface ocean CO2 observations with the primary objective of delivering sustained, high-quality, and accessible observations for constraining CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere.
  • The SOCONET SC will establish surface ocean CO2 measurement requirements, including reference-level measurements. Different data qualities will be assigned different Tier levels. This will include developing and disseminating standard operating procedures and best practices and updating those as needed.
  • The SOCONET SC will encourage, facilitate, and coordinate the recruitment of greater and global representation in SOCONET, including determination of minimum requirements for SOCONET participants and coordination of training and capacity building activities as needed.
  • The SOCONET SC will facilitate collection and timely submission of data from SOCONET platforms to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data repository and platform metadata through the Joint WMO-IOC in-situ Observations Programmes Support (OceanOPS). The SOCONET SC in coordination with SOCAT and GOOS-OCG shall provide advice on the contents, quality, and timeliness of the SOCONET data streams to ensure that guidelines regarding measurements and data submission are met.
  • The SOCONET SC will coordinate with other relevant global observing networks, including those for atmospheric greenhouse gases, other ocean greenhouse gases (N2O and CH4) and satellite-based measurements.
  • The SOCONET SC will interact with OceanOPS through GOOS-OCG, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP / GOOS Biogeochemistry Panel) and relevant panels and working groups (e.g. WMO Greenhouse Gas Watch – G3W) and solicit funding from national agencies and multi-national entities for OceanOPS services.
  • The SOCONET SC will facilitate interactions between nations and stakeholders to ensure surface ocean CO2 observations that meet SOCONET quality requirements are made on research vessels, ships of opportunity, surface buoys and other emerging surface ocean observing platforms.
  • The SOCONET SC will advocate for routine surface ocean CO2 instrument intercomparison exercises, including for emerging technologies.
  • To address specific tasks, SOCONET SC will convene specialized Task Teams (TT). These TTs can include relevant experts that are not part of the SOCONET SC. The TTs will report back to the SOCONET SC and be disbanded following their fixed-term.

SC members serve for a period of four years, with the potential of renewing for an additional 4-year term. SC members are assisted by the Network Coordinator (currently provided by IOCCP) and Technical Coordinator employed at OceanOPS. SOCONET SC will meet once a year in-person, and up to monthly remotely. The expected time commitment for SOCONET activities is on average 1-3 days per month, which might occasionally accumulate around specific activities.

In this call we seek to fill several SOCONET SC positions hoping to be able to fill the expertise, geographic, career stage and other gaps identified by the iSC members. We seek individuals who are familiar with the ongoing community initiatives and needs. Ideally candidates would have some research experience on an international level and a working overview of the global landscape of surface ocean carbon observations. We encourage applications from individuals with strong leadership skills and past experience in providing strategic guidance, e.g. through international working groups or steering committees participation.

To make inquiries and/or to submit your applications, please contact the IOCCP Project Office (ioccp@ioccp.org) by 24 October 2025. Please provide the following information in your application:

  1. CV including (at a minimum)
    1. Full name, nationality, contact information (incl. email and institutional website link if available)
    2. Affiliation and held positions in the past 5 years (with brief description of tasks and responsibilities)
    3. Membership in national and international networks, programs, expert working groups, etc.
    4. Up to 10 most relevant publications
  2. Brief description (300-400 words) of how you see yourself contributing to the SOCONET Terms of Reference and what is your proposed vision for activities related to that contribution.

NSF Ocean Sciences Office Hours – September 30

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Tuesday, September 16th, 2025 

NSF Ocean Sciences Office Hours

September 30, 3-4:30 PM (ET)

Staff and division leadership will share information and updates on preparing proposals, address commonly asked questions, and answer yours. These office hours webinars will not be recorded.

Register https://nsf.zoomgov.com/webinar/register/WN_yu5jE4EWQl2FyUZ1x2LEAw?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery#/registration

2025 Call for OCB Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) nominations

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Thursday, September 11th, 2025 

OCB is seeking nominations for new Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) members, including a new early career member! The term begins in January 2026. The following SSC members are scheduled to rotate off at the end of 2025:

  • Yige Zhang (formerly Texas A&M University) – paleoceanography and paleoclimatology; organic and stable isotope geochemistry; global biogeochemical cycles
  • David “Roo” Nicholson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst.) – global biogeochemical cycles in the context of a changing climate, cycling of dissolved gases, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane and the noble gases
  • Jessica Luo (NOAA/GFDL) – plankton ecology, food webs, biogeochemical dynamics, global-scale marine ecosystem models
  • Dreux Chappell (USF) – molecular microbial ecology, phytoplankton cultivation/physiology, and trace metal biogeochemistry
  • Anela Choy (Scripps Inst. Oceanography) – Deep-sea biological oceanography, water column food web ecology, pelagic ecosystem dynamics, biochemical tracers

We are especially interested in filling the following expertise gaps:

  • Deep sea biogeochemical and ecological processes
  • Molecular microbial ecology
  • Plankton ecology
  • Nitrogen cycling
  • Paleoceanographic perspectives on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles

To qualify for the early career spot, a nominee must have completed a PhD within the last 4 years; both postdoctoral researchers and new faculty members are eligible. For the early career nominees who are currently postdocs, a letter of support from the nominee’s postdoctoral advisor is required in addition to filling out the nomination form. This letter of support should be sent to hbenway@whoi.edu.

Please consider casting a wide net in submitting nominations. We are seeking to entrain a broad range of voices and ideas in OCB! Nominees can be from any US-based institution (including Univ. Puerto Rico, Univ. Virgin Islands or in other US territories). Please submit nomination(s) (self-nominations are welcome) HERE by November 21. All nominees’ 2-page abbreviated CVs should be sent to hbenway@whoi.edu.

Nominees are primarily evaluated based on their science expertise (relative to emerging expertise gaps) and their leadership potential. We encourage re-nomination if a prior nomination round was not successful. Note that many SSC members are nominated multiple times before becoming members. OCB SSC members serve a 3-year term. To learn more about what the OCB SSC is/does, please visit the SSC page of the OCB website and feel free to reach out to current SSC members about time commitment and their experiences as SSC members.

New software enables global ocean biogeochemical modeling in Python

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, September 5th, 2025 

Have you ever wondered what life would be like if you could write and run complex biogeochemical models easily and conveniently in Python? Wonder no more. In a paper published in J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., Samar Khatiwala (2025; see reference below) describes tmm4py, a new software to enable efficient, global scale biogeochemical modelling in Python.

tmm4py is based on the Transport Matrix Method (TMM), an efficient numerical scheme for “offline” simulation of tracers driven by circulations from state-of-the-art physical models and state estimates. tmm4py exposes this functionality in Python, providing the tools needed to implement complex models in pure Python using standard modules such as NumPy, and run them interactively on hardware ranging from laptops to supercomputers. No knowledge of parallel computing required! tmm4py even extends the interactivity to models written in Fortran, allowing the many existing models coupled to the TMM, e.g., MITgcm, to be used from the familiar comfort of Python. Whether you’re a seasoned modeler, just want to try out an idea, or illustrate a concept in your teaching, tmm4py is designed to make biogeochemical modeling more widely accessible.

Download the code from: https://github.com/samarkhatiwala/tmm

Figure: Schematic illustrating the structure of tmm4py and its relationship with the various libraries and components it is built on or interacts with. Outlined boxes represent user‐supplied code (such as the “Hello World” example of the ideal age tracer shown on the left). Other low-level libraries on which tmm4py depends, for example, BLAS and LAPACK for linear algebra, MPI for parallel communication, and CUDA for GPUs, are not shown.

 

Author
Samar Khatiwala (Waseda Univ)

Joint Science Highlight with GEOTRACES.

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Funding for the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry Project Office is provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The OCB Project Office is housed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.