Author Archive for mmaheigan

Announcing Plenary Topics for OCB2022

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, January 21st, 2022 

Plenary Topics for OCB2022 Summer Workshop (titles may change) 

  • Biological Pump response to changing climate – 2-part session (Chairs: Susanne Menden-Deuer, Raleigh Hood, Adam Martiny, Seth Bushinsky, Scott Doney)
  • Carbon capture and biogeochemical cycling in coastal waters- Blue carbon capacity beyond carbon burial in coastal wetlands  (Chairs: Aleck Wang, Jaime Palter, Maria Tzortziou)
  • Extreme ocean events  (Chairs: Patrick Rafter, Victoria Coles)
  • Coastal observing to understand and predict coastal ecosystem changes (Chair: Charlie Stock)
  • Closing gaps in quantification of the ocean carbon sink (Chairs: Galen McKinley, Peter Landschützer)

OCB2022: June 20-23, 2022 (Woods Hole, MA) – Registration opens in early spring!

Announcing New OCB SSC Members

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, January 21st, 2022 

Please join us in welcoming five new members to the OCB SSC!

  • Susanne Craig (NASA GSFC)
  • Shaily Rahman (Univ Colorado, Boulder)
  • Jeff Bowman (SIO)
  • Tim DeVries (UCSB)
  • Zachary Erickson (early career) (NOAA PMEL)

We thank the outgoing members Marjorie Friedrichs (VIMS), Julie Granger (Univ. Connecticut), Raleigh Hood (UMCES), Adam Martiny (Univ. California, Irvine), and Maria Tzortziou (CCNY CUNY & Columbia Univ LDEO) for their dedicated service and enthusiasm.

Seagrass is not a silver bullet for climate change

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, January 21st, 2022 

Coastal management actions aimed at protecting or restoring seagrass meadows are often assumed to have the collateral benefit of removing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to combat climate change. Be aware, however: not all seagrass meadows are alike. Under certain conditions, some release more carbon dioxide than they absorb and are net carbon sources to the atmosphere. This is now shown in a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the scientific journal Science Advances. This study combined direct eddy covariance measurements of air-water gas exchange with geochemical approaches to build a comprehensive carbon budget for a tropical seagrass meadow in south Florida. The process of ecosystem calcification released far more CO2 to the atmosphere than was buried in sediments as “Blue Carbon.” This study questions the reliability of Blue Carbon approaches towards net CO2 sequestration in tropical waters. But still unclear is how applicable these results are to the global scale, and what fraction of tropical seagrass meadows are net sources, rather than sinks, of CO2 to the atmosphere.

Figure 1 : Diel trend in CO2 flux presented as discrete 30-min measurements during the study period (black circles) and annual mean fluxes for the year surrounding the study period, binned in 2-hour intervals [colored circles (x ± SD)].

Authors
Bryce R. Van Dam (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)
Mary A. Zeller (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research)
Christian Lopes (Florida International University)
Ashley R. Smyth (University of Florida)
Michael E. Böttcher  (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research)
Christopher L. Osburn (North Carolina State University)
Tristan Zimmerman (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)
Daniel Pröfrock (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)
James W. Fourqurean (Florida International University)
Helmuth Thomas  (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)

Apply now for IOCCG Summer Lecture Series

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Tuesday, January 18th, 2022 

Applications are now open for the 2022 International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG) Summer Lecture Series.

The course is scheduled to take place from 18-29 July 2022 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, at the Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), which is part of the IMEV (Institut de la Mer, de Villefranche), and hosts the Marine Optics, Remote Sensing, and Biogeochemical Applications group.

As in previous years, this high-level training course will be dedicated to the fundamentals of ocean optics, bio-optics and ocean colour remote sensing. Further details can be found on the Summer Lecture Series Website at: https://ioccg.org/what-we-do/training-and-education/ioccg-sls-2022/

Deadline for applications: 28 February 2022

Apply here: https://ioccg.org/2022-sls-application-form/

OCB-US CLIVAR Ecological Forecasting Workshop webinar

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, January 7th, 2022 

OCB-US CLIVAR Ecological Forecasting Workshop webinar with Dr Simone Alin
January 11, 2021

The Olympic Coast as a sentinel: Integrated social-ecological vulnerability assessment and co-developing ocean resource management tools with tribal and state managers

As part of a regional vulnerability analysis, our team synthesized existing oceanographic data sets and model projections to understand how the frequency, duration, and severity of ocean acidification and co-stressor (warming, hypoxia) conditions may change between now and the end of the century and affect biological resources. Meanwhile, social scientists worked with Washington's coastal treaty tribes to identify the marine species of highest cultural and subsistence value to the tribes and to assess social vulnerability of tribal communities to changing ocean conditions. Ultimately the oceanographic synthesis and projections will inform tribal adaptation actions. On a related project, many of the same team worked with state and tribal managers to develop tools useful to managers of the Dungeness crab fishery in state and tribal fishing areas. In this talk, I will briefly describe scientific results and products of our collective work, but will focus as much on the challenges and lessons learned from working with this diverse team, consisting of natural and social scientists (working across academic institutions; federal, state, and tribal agencies) and tribal community members

This webinar is an activity of the upcoming Daily to Decadal Ecological Forecasting along North American Coastlines Workshop (OCB-US CLIVAR), April 12, 2022 - April 14, 2022 (Woods Hole, MA and Virtual)

https://usclivar.org/meetings/ecological-forecasting

US SOLAS Science Plan release

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Monday, December 20th, 2021 

In October 2019, OCB convened a workshop for US-based scientists working at the air-sea interface to identify research priorities and facilitate the communication and collaboration required for future significant research advances. Leadership for this workshop was provided by the Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC). Emerging from the discussions at the workshop is a new US SOLAS Science Plan to help coalesce the air-sea interaction research community around a common set of science goals and research priorities and foster a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS. Please view and download the new science plan via the link below.

Stanley, R, T Bell, Y Gao, C Gaston, D Ho, D Kieber, K Mackey, N Meskhidze, B Miller, H Potter, P Vlahos, P Yager, B Alexander, S Beaupre, S Craig, G Cutter, S Emerson, A Frossard, S Gasso, B Haus, W Keene, W Landing, R Moore, D Ortiz-Suslow, J Palter, F Paulot, E Saltzman, D Thornton, A Wozniak, L Zamora, H Benway. 2021. US SOLAS Science Report. 62pp. DOI 10.1575/1912/27821

Aircraft reveal a surprisingly strong Southern Ocean carbon sink

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, December 17th, 2021 

The Southern Ocean is indeed a significant carbon sink—absorbing a large amount of the excess carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by human activities—according to a newly published study led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).

The findings provide clarity about the role the icy waters surrounding Antarctica play in buffering the impact of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, after research published in recent years suggested the Southern Ocean might be less of a sink than previously thought. The authors makes use of observations from research aircraft flown during three field projects over nearly a decade, as well as a collection of atmospheric models, to determine that the Southern Ocean takes up significantly more carbon than it releases.

You can’t fool the atmosphere. While measurements taken from the ocean surface and from land are important, they are too sparse to provide a reliable picture of air-sea carbon flux. The atmosphere, however, can integrate fluxes over large expanses. Airborne measurements reveal critical patterns in the global carbon cycle, a drawdown of CO2 in the lower atmosphere over the Southern Ocean surface in summer, indicating carbon uptake by the ocean.


Figure 1: Observed patterns in atmospheric CO2 over the Southern Ocean during the ORCAS airborne campaign (Jan-Feb 2016). Colors show the observed CO2 dry air mole fraction relative to the average observed within the 295–305 K potential temperature range south of 45°S on each campaign; contour lines show the observed potential temperature.

 

Authors:
M. C. Long (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
B. B. Stephens (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
K. McKain (University of Colorado, Boulder/NOAA)
C. Sweeney (NOAA)
R. F. Keeling (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
E. A. Kort (University of Michigan)
E. J. Morgan (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
J. D. Bent (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
N. Chandra (JAMSTEC)
F. Chevallier (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement)
R. Commane (Columbia University)
B. C. Daube (Harvard University)
P. B. Krummel (CSIRO)
Z. Loh (CSIRO)
I. T. Luijkx (Wageningen University)
D. Munro (University of Colorado, Boulder/NOAA)
P. Patra (JAMSTEC)
W. Peters (Wageningen University)
M. Ramonet (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement)
C. Rödenbeck (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry)
A. Stavert (CSIRO)
P. Tans (NOAA)
S. C. Wofsy (Harvard University)

Eddies oxygenate the upper equatorial Pacific

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Friday, December 17th, 2021 

As the ocean warms, the future of the tropical Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) remains highly uncertain, in part due to incomplete understanding of processes and poor model representation of how mesoscale circulation impacts ocean biogeochemistry. To help address these gaps, a recent paper explored how mesoscale eddies modulate dissolved oxygen distributions and variability, with a particular focus on the upper northern equatorial Pacific where eddy kinetic energy is intensified.

Figure 1: Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and oxygen concentrations at 155 m depth in an eddy resolving simulation of CESM. Tropical Instability Vortices (TIVs) are outlined by cusp-like features in SST and oxygenated cores at depth.

The authors used an eddy resolving model simulation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and Lagrangian particle analysis to simulate the impacts of mesoscale eddies on oxygen distribution and variability in the upper equatorial Pacific Tropical Instability Vortices (TIVs)—large eddies associated with Tropical Instability Waves—lead to a substantial oxygenation of the upper equatorial Pacific. TIVs are generated from boreal summer through winter, and contribute to the seasonal oxygenation of the northern equatorial Pacific, exhibited as a seasonal shoaling and deepening of the northern eastern ­tropical Pacific OMZ. The processes governing the simulated TIV oxygenation of the upper equatorial Pacific are dominated by physical eddy advection and mixing, while biogeochemical feedbacks (e.g. enhanced microbial consumption of oxygen in the eddy cores) play a minor role. These simulated TIV oxygenation effects stand in contrast to the deoxygenation effects of Anticyclonic Mode Water Eddies recently observed and simulated along Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, suggesting a diverse and complex influence of mesoscale circulation on ocean biogeochemistry.

TIV influence on oxygen is highly relevant to predicting the variability and future of ecosystem habitable space, informing the source of model biases in this region, and guiding the current revamping of the Tropical Pacific Observing System, and should be explored in future observational campaigns.

 

Authors: 
Yassir Eddebbar (Scripps UCSD)
Aneesh Subramanian (Colorado University, Boulder)
Daniel Whitt (NASA Ames Research Center)
Matthew Long (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
Ariane Verdy  (Scripps UCSD)
Matthew Mazloff  (Scripps UCSD)
Mark Merrifield  (Scripps UCSD)

New OCB Activities for 2022

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Wednesday, December 15th, 2021 

Announcing the New OCB Activities beginning in 2022 – more information coming soon.

Training activity
What’s behind the curtain of the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission? (PIs: J. Werdell, B. Cairns, I. Cetinić, A. Mannino, V. Martins, L. Remer, P. Zhai)

Workshop & working group
Problem solving in marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR): Identifying important questions and capabilities for studying new human perturbations to the ocean carbon system (PIs: J. Cross, L. Bach, J. Palter, C. Reimers, M. Long, P. Rafter)

Workshops
Building a cost-effective coastal biogeochemical observing network in collaboration with the commercial fishing community (PIs: Z. A. Wang, J. Rheuban, G. Gawarkiewicz, J. Manning, E. Pelletier; C. Van Vranken, D. Bethoney)

OCB Fish, Fisheries and Carbon workshop: An emerging research direction in the ocean biological carbon sink (PIs: E. Cavan, G. Saba, R. Sumaila, S. Hill) – virtual

C-SAW: Time domain controls on carbon storage, release, and transformation in coastal and estuarine waters following extreme events (PI: C. Osburn)

Abstracts open: Ecological Forecasting along N. American Coastlines Workshop

Posted by mmaheigan 
· Monday, December 13th, 2021 

Daily to Decadal Ecological Forecasting along North American Coastlines Workshop, a joint workshop between OCB and US CLIVAR will take place April 12-14, 2022. Currently the plan is to host the workshop in person in Woods Hole, MA with virtual participation options.

Abstract submission is open for poster presentations (deadline January 21)

Coastal areas share unique intersections of large-scale climate variability and local hydrology, wetland, benthic and pelagic ecosystems, and anthropogenic pressures. Forecasting of harmful environmental conditions for planning, adaptation, and mitigation purposes is both complex and urgently needed. Recent syntheses have highlighted sources of predictability for ecological forecasting at seasonal to interannual timescales relevant to specific applications (e.g., fisheries), but they have also revealed challenges such as a disconnect between open ocean and coastal and estuarine forecasting communities as well as the significant challenge of data availability.

This workshop aims at bringing together climate scientists, biogeochemists, and global and regional modelers to:

  1. Examine the connections between large-scale physical and biogeochemical processes and coastal processes, and identify sources of predictability at daily to decadal timescales that are specific to regions along US coastlines.
  2. Assess the suitability and needs for observations that characterize key physical and biogeochemical ecosystem drivers, their interactions across scales, and their vulnerability to climate change and in different coastal regions.
  3. Assess the major gaps in both understanding and modeling/observing capabilities that limit our ability to produce ecological forecasts at the scales needed for management along US coastlines, and identify potential avenues for accelerating progress.

Leading up to the workshop, the Scientific Organizing Committee will put together a blog to collect contributions by prospective participants on their specific research activities, results, and challenges. In addition, a webinar series will be organized to highlight needs by practitioners and end users. These activities will initiate interactions among participants and contribute to the definition of the major challenges.

More details on the workshop website.

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Funding for the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry Project Office is provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The OCB Project Office is housed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.