mmaheigan :: Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry

Studying marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the face of environmental change

Author Archive for mmaheigan – Page 7

A New Insight into Ocean Carbon Sequestration

Posted by mmaheigan

· Thursday, August 1st, 2024

How does the microbial carbon pump (MCP) redefine our understanding of oceanic carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation?

A recent study published in Nature Reviews Microbiology reviews the pivotal role of the microbial carbon pump (MCP) a novel concept differing from the known mechanisms for carbon sequestration in the ocean, the Biological Carbon Pump (BCP), the Carbonate Counter Pump (CCP), and the Solubility Carbon Pump (SCP) (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Illustration of the microbial carbon pump (MCP) and other carbon pumps, outlining their relationships and modes of carbon transformation and sequestration in the ocean.

Unlike the others, the MCP operates independently of physical processes like vertical transportation and sedimentation; it is driven by microbial processes at every depth in the water column, and functions as a two-way pump of carbon cycle, thus playing a unique role in regulation of climate change. The MCP’s role in transforming dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from labile states into refractory states, reveals the “enigma” of how the oceanic refractory DOC (RDOC) reservoir is formed. This paper also illustrates the dual functions of the MCP-regulated oceanic carbon reservoir over geological timescales, which may help explain the “eccentricity puzzle” in the Milankovitch climate theory.

The spatial and temporal distribution of RDOC is influenced by various microbial processes and the paper details how the MCP responds to environmental changes across environmental gradients and the entire water column. We also revealed the impacts of climate change on microbial activities and carbon sequestration efficiency, which in turn affect carbon cycles across different oceanic regions and depths. We explored the synergistic effects of the MCP with BCP, CCP, and SCP (BCMS), which could have great potentials in geoengineering. Applications of BCMS approach make it possible for international program on Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) practice for both of carbon sink enhancement and ecosystem sustainable development, such as scenarios of sea-farming areas and wastewater treatment plants, avoiding the potential risks of traditional geoengineering approaches.

Understanding the MCP processes and effects is essential for accurate assessment of the ocean’s capacity to mitigate climate change, and how the MCP can support potential modes of geoengineering. The findings and implications are of profound reference for policymakers, environmental stakeholders, and funding agencies for strategies to fight climate changes, leverage more effective preservation and restoration of ecosystems.

Authors:
Nianzhi Jiao (Xiamen University)
Tingwei Luo (Xiamen University)
Quanrui Chen (Xiamen University)
Zhao Zhao (Xiamen University)
Xilin Xiao (Xiamen University)
Jihua Liu (Shandong University)
Zhimin Jian (Tongji University)
Shucheng Xie (China University of Geosciences)
Helmuth Thomas (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)
Gerhard J. Herndl (University of Vienna)
Ronald Benner (University of South Carolina)
Micheal Gonsior (University of Maryland)
Feng Chen (University of Maryland)
Wei-Jun Cai (University of Delaware)
Carol Robinson (University of East Anglia)

Out of sight, out of mind: extreme signals of ocean acidification hidden in the mesopelagic

Posted by mmaheigan

· Wednesday, July 31st, 2024

Ocean Acidification (OA), caused by the air-to-sea transfer of anthropogenic carbon (C_ant), is intuitively thought to be a surface-intensified process, which makes sense because the concentration of C_ant is greatest near the ocean surface and decreases with depth. But this intuition is not correct for multiple metrics of OA that are less commonly studied below the sea surface, including the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas (pCO₂) and the hydrogen ion concentration ([H⁺]).

We braved the quiescent seas of a three-dimensionally mapped data product (Lauvest et al., 2016) hunting for signals of OA in the deep. Just like anyone who seeks moss in Seattle, we were successful. We identified massive interior ocean changes in pCO₂ and [H⁺] caused by the accumulation of C_ant (up to the year 2002). Such signals were not clearly identifiable for the more commonly studied pH and aragonite saturation state OA metrics. Extreme pCO₂ and [H⁺] changes induced by smaller amounts of C_ant at depth are caused by greater sensitivities of these parameters to carbon addition in subsurface waters that are weakly buffered because they have experienced significant organic matter respiration. This results in mesopelagic pCO₂ (and [H⁺]) changes that are more than twice as large as overlying surface water changes throughout large expanses of the ocean, outpacing the atmospheric pCO₂ change that drives OA itself (ΔpCO_{2 Air} of ~92 μatm in year 2002).

Yikes! What should we investigate next? Well, it may be that the re-emergence of high-pCO₂, mesopelagic waters at the sea surface could cause elevated CO₂ evasion rates and reduced carbon storage efficiency in regions where waters do not have time to fully equilibrate with the atmosphere before subduction. It is also possible that the elevated signal-to-noise ratio associated with subsurface pCO₂ and [H⁺] changes could prove useful in the assessment of environmental impacts associated with some marine carbon dioxide removal strategies. More work is needed to characterize the evolution of mesopelagic OA metric changes beyond the year 2002, and what they could mean for ocean ecosystems that are already under pressure from a variety of anthropogenic stressors.

Authors:
Andrea J. Fassbender (NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory)
Brendan R. Carter (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington)
Jonathan D. Sharp (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington)
Yibin Huang (Xiamen University)
Mar C. Arroyo (University of California Santa Cruz)
Hartmut Frenzel (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington)

Publication: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GB007843

OCB Supports Early Career Participants in Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing Training Program

Posted by mmaheigan

· Thursday, July 25th, 2024

OCB Supports Early Career Participants in Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing Training Program 2024

María del Alma Concepción Rodríguez

Alba Guzman-Morales

Kiwanuka Moses

Michelle Wagner

Michelle Wagner is in her first year of master’s study at the City College of New York. Her research interest is in monitoring the responses of coastal systems to natural and anthropogenic stressors. After graduating from the City College of New York, Michelle joined the Tzortziou Bio-optics lab at CCNY. Her work utilized HPLC and microscopic analysis as well remote sensing data to characterize seasonal shifts in phytoplankton community composition in the Long Island Sound estuary and increasing intensity in red tide events and other HABS.

I am very happy to have been a part of the Cornell 2024 Satellite Remote Sensing Training Program this summer. As someone who is new to the world of satellite data processing, I could not have asked for a better introduction. Dr. Monger’s strong expertise as well as his guidance and encouragement gave me the confidence to tackle hard problems. The course not only introduced me to Python programming but also provided a range of tools for handling satellite data. It significantly broadened my perspective and deepened my understanding of satellite remote sensing. I really enjoyed this course and would recommend it to anyone pursuing satellite remote sensing and ocean color analysis. I would like to say thank you to Dr. Bruce Monger and OCB for this amazing experience!

Alba Guzmán Morales was born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. She received her B.S. in Biology and M.S. in Biological Oceanography from the University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus in 2019 and 2024, respectively. Her research focused on using satellite imagery to study water clarity trends in Puerto Rico to evaluate management efforts in a watershed. As a NOAA Cooperative Science Center in Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Fellow, she evaluated the applicability of a NOAA Kd490 product by comparing it with in situ Kd490. She has also been involved in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle research to measure salinity.

Cornell's Satellite Remote Sensing course was what I expected and more. While I had previous experience processing satellite data the course provided me with tools I hadn’t yet had the opportunity to use in my work. It was amazing to process and visualize L1 to L2 ocean color, SST, wind, and altimetry data. I am deeply thankful to the great instructors Dr. Bruce Monger and Jillian Steinmetz, to the colleagues I met during the course as well as OCB for supporting this opportunity. Let the research continue!

Kiwanuka Moses: I’m a second-year Earth Systems Science PhD Student working under Dr. Sridhar Maruthi Balaji Bhaskar at Florida International University. My research uses remote sensing and machine learning to estimate water quality parameters for inland lakes (Okeechobee and Victoria). The goal is to develop monitoring algorithms based on Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI images. These models will be correlated with results from NASA SeaDAS software.

The Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing course was a great experience. I learned multiple ways of downloading datasets, cleaning them, and channeling them to a particular study area. I also learned how to use Python command lines for image processing using NASA SeaDAS and better understood the different components of oceanography (Physical and biological) as a field. There was a great improvement in my programming skills. I enjoyed every moment with Dr. Bruce Monger and Ms. Jillian Elaine, the TA. Their patience regarding the questions directed at them was exceptional. I recommend this course to anyone interested in remote sensing and ocean color. Special thanks to Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) for the sponsorship and for making this a reality for me.

María del Alma Concepción Rodríguez's journey into water resources began during her undergraduate studies at the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico. Earning a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering and a master’s in environmental management, she immersed herself in internships and projects related to the water industry. These experiences profoundly impacted her, highlighting water's vital role as the driving force of nature and the center of life.

As she advanced to her PhD in Civil Engineering, now going into her third year, María del Alma’s passion for water conservation grew stronger. She became particularly concerned about the potential contamination from regulated wastewater disposals in the waters surrounding the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico. This concern sparked a compelling desire to delve deeper into understanding their impacts. Her doctoral research is a testament to this dedication. It focuses on how effluent discharges affect oceanic waters and aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation methodology. María del Alma leverages innovative GIS techniques to identify contamination hotspots through spatial data analysis. Her goal is to create geospatial models that visualize current and future scenarios, providing a clearer picture of the potential impacts on our waters.

Through her work, María del Alma strives to protect and conserve our natural environment, recognizing that safeguarding water resources is not just important but essential.

Imagine learning about the intricacies of satellite remote sensing while collaborating with peers, all within the vibrant academic atmosphere of Cornell University—that was my experience in a nutshell. The 2024 Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing Summer Course was an enriching experience that deepened my technical knowledge and connected me with a network of passionate individuals in the remote sensing community. The course’s rigorous curriculum laid a strong foundation for my understanding of the field and opened my eyes to the vast remote sensing applications. We delved into the core principles of remote sensing, how the satellite data is collected, and the processing of such data using coding. Dr. Bruce Monger was an excellent instructor who guided us throughout the course while getting a better understanding of each of our investigations. Teaching assistant Jillian Steinmetz was knowledgeable and always willing to assist us. The course featured lectures and hands-on workshops where you were given exercises to work on the computer using Python and SeaDAS to understand the processing of satellite imagery. One of the most exciting moments of the course was the hands-on experience with satellite data—using advanced software to process and analyze the data and turn the raw information into meaningful insights for my PhD research. Participating in the 2024 Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing Training Program was a transformative experience that broadened my horizons and passion for using innovative technology in real-world water applications.

AGU 2024 Session: A037 – Aquatic Aerosols: From Microscale Processes to Impacts on Clouds and Climate

Posted by mmaheigan

· Friday, July 12th, 2024

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, December 2024, Washington DC

A037 – Aquatic Aerosols: From Microscale Processes to Impacts on Clouds and Climate

Conveners: Hosein Foroutan (Virginia Tech), Ernie R Lewis (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Amanda A Frossard (University of Georgia), Meinrat O Andreae (Max Planck; UCSD), Raymond Leibensperger III (University of California San Diego)

https://agu.confex.com/agu/agu24/prelim.cgi/Session/230048

An unexpected shift to a later phytoplankton bloom in the West Antarctic Peninsula

Posted by mmaheigan

· Wednesday, May 29th, 2024

Polar regions are changing: warming, losing sea ice, and experiencing shifts in the phenology of seasonal events. Global models predict that phytoplankton blooms will start earlier in these warming polar environments. What we don’t know is will this be true for all high-latitude regions? Is the timing of phytoplankton growing season moving earlier in the West Antarctic Peninsula as this region experiences climate change?

The authors of a recent paper published in Marine Ecology Progress Series used 25 years of satellite ocean color data to track shifts in bloom phenology—the timing of recurring seasonal events. Contrary to predictions, the results show that the spring bloom start date is shifting later over time. Figure 1 shows that in the waters experiencing seasonal sea ice, from 1997 to 2022, the start and peak date of the phytoplankton growing season are shifting later. However, there is no overall decline in total annual chlorophyll-a, because in the fall (February-April) chlorophyll-a concentrations are increasing over time.

The most likely driver of earlier spring bloom start dates is increased wind mixing. Spring (October-December) wind speed has been increasing over time concurrent with delayed bloom start dates. In an ecosystem with less sea ice than previous decades, more open water exposed to increased wind speed may mix phytoplankton more deeply in spring, delaying the bloom until the onset of summer stratification.

Even though global climate models predict bloom timing will shift earlier with climate change, this may not be the case in specific polar regions like the West Antarctic Peninsula. Later bloom timing could impact surface ocean carbon uptake, phytoplankton community composition, and ecosystem health. If the timing and composition of blooms is changing, that shifts will affect the food quantity and quality available to krill and higher trophic level organisms.

Author
Jessie Turner (University of Connecticut) @jessiesturner

Figure 1: In recent years the timing of the annual phytoplankton bloom in the Mid Shelf region of the West Antarctic Peninsula has shifted: satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration in recent years (pink line) shows a significant delayed bloom start date compared to past years (blue line).

Inorganic carbon outwelling as important blue carbon sink

Posted by mmaheigan

· Wednesday, May 29th, 2024

Blue carbon ecosystems—mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrass meadows—carbon sequestration powerhouses that can help us mitigate climate change. For many years, our community has focused on studying and quantifying organic carbon storage in the soils of these ecosystems and crediting it as Blue Carbon in carbon markets.

A new paper in Nature Communications reveals that much of that carbon sequestered by mangroves and saltmarshes is actually exported as inorganic carbon to the ocean. Inorganic carbon export dominates blue carbon budgets and rivals or even surpasses carbon stored in soils. Inorganic carbon exports had an alkalinity: dissolved inorganic carbon ratio of 0.8 ± 0.2, impacting the carbonate system and carbon cycling along the coast. Most of the inorganic carbon is exported as bicarbonate which stays permanently dissolved in the ocean and is therefore a permanent atmospheric carbon sink. When we ignore inorganic carbon export, we highly underestimate the potential of mangroves and saltmarshes to mitigate climate change. Consequently, inorganic carbon export should be integrated into blue carbon frameworks to adequately inform carbon markets, which encourage landowners to restore and preserve mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems.

Authors
Gloria M. S. Reithmaier (University of Gothenburg) Twitter: @GReithmaier@Barefoot_Lab
Alex Cabral (University of Gothenburg)
Anirban Akhand (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
Matthew J. Bogard (University of Lethbridge)
Alberto V. Borges (University of Liège)
Steven Bouillon (KU Leuven)
David J. Burdige (Old Dominion University)
Mitchel Call (Southern Cross University)
Nengwang Chen (Xiamen University)
Xiaogang Chen (Westlake University)
Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research)
Meagan J. Eagle (U.S. Geological Survey)
Erik Kristensen (University of Southern Denmark)
Kevin D. Kroeger (U.S. Geological Survey)
Zeyang Lu (Xiamen University)
Damien T. Maher (Southern Cross University)
Lucas J. Pérez-Lloréns (University of Cádiz)
Raghab Ray (University of Tokyo)
Pierre Taillardat (National University of Singapore)
Joseph J. Tamborski (Old Dominion University)
Rob C. Upstill-Goddard (Newcastle University)
Faming Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Zhaohui Aleck Wang (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
Kai Xiao (Southern University of Science and Technology)
Yvonne Y. Y. Yau (University of Gothenburg)
Isaac R. Santos (University of Gothenburg)

New algorithm unclogs major bottleneck in ocean geochemical and biogeochemical modelling

Posted by mmaheigan

· Thursday, May 16th, 2024

Numerical models are some of the principal tools for understanding the cycling of geochemical and biogeochemical tracers in the ocean, with the latter also being important components of the Earth System Models used to project future climate change. However, in order to use these models they must first be integrated to a seasonally-repeating equilibrium with minimal drift, a computationally expensive calculation that can take months on supercomputers given the long turnover timescale – many thousands of years – of the ocean. This “spin-up” problem has long been a major bottleneck in marine geochemical and biogeochemical modelling.

In a study published last year in J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys (2023, see reference below), a new algorithm was shown to speed-up by a factor of between 10-25 the spin-up of a wide range of geochemical tracers, such as radiocarbon, protactinium/thorium and zinc. It can be applied to any model in a “black box” manner.

Now, a follow up study published recently in Sci. Adv. (2024, see reference below) extends the previous results to complex marine biogeochemical models such as those used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) that underpin IPCC reports on climate change. The algorithm can accelerate the spin-up of seasonally-forced models by over an order of magnitude, and by a factor of 5 when driven with interannually forcing as is typical in CMIP simulations.

The ability to efficiently spin-up geochemical and biogeochemical models should enable their more effective use, for example making it feasible to calibrate models against observations and performing simulations at resolutions higher than has been previously possible.

Caption: Spin-up to equilibrium of the PISCES marine biogeochemical model. PISCES is coupled to the NEMO ocean circulation model and has 24 prognostic tracers. Left: Drift in dissolved inorganic nitrate concentration (mean squared difference at all grid points between consecutive years) as a function of time. Right: Globally-integrated air-sea flux of CO2 as a function of time. The solid horizontal line is the criterion for convergence established by the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP). The blue lines are the conventional direct integration solution and the red lines the accelerated solution using the new algorithm.

This is a joint highlight with the GEOTRACES program.

Reference:

Khatiwala, S. (2024). Efficient spin-up of Earth System Models using sequence acceleration. Science Advances, 10. Access the paper: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2839

Khatiwala, S. (2023). Fast Spin‐Up of Geochemical Tracers in Ocean Circulation and Climate Models. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15. Access the paper: 10.1029/2022ms003447

Looking for easy data access to high quality time-series data? SPOTS is out!

Posted by mmaheigan

· Thursday, April 18th, 2024

Whether we aim to disentangle anthropogenic driven trends from naturally variability or we want to assess and improve our ocean model’s capabilities to correctly display changes in time, all require high-quality observational data from multiple fixed time-series data. Until now access to these data was difficult, time-consuming, and often required solving multiple data challenges before these data were fit for the purpose. Following the successful examples set by well-known ocean synthesis products, the idea for SPOTS – the Synthesis Product for Ocean Time-Series – was born from this need to address these challenging.

The recently published SPOTS pilot provides biogeochemical essential ocean variables from 12 ship-based fixed time-series scattered around the globe covering the period from 1983 until 2021. An extensive quality assessment enables the straightforward detection of method changes, and in combination with further introduced data quality indicators, the pilot enhances the inter- and intra-station comparability of the included time-series stations. The stations in SPOTS represent unique open ocean and coastal marine environments in the Atlantic, Pacific, Mediterranean, Caribbean, and the Nordic Seas. More than 100,000 water samples are harmonized into one consistent, FAIR, and readily available data synthesis product.

The SPOTS pilot drastically reduces the amount of time needed to obtain high quality and comparable time-series data from multiple programs around the globe. SPOTS facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations, complementing relevant products for the global ocean that don’t offer the temporal variability and quality of data that fixed time-series programs have. This pilot gives a first glance of what SPOTS has to offer and hopefully many updates of a sustained time-series living data product, SPOTS, will follow.

Read more in the SPOTS paper and access data via BCODMO at https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/896862.

Mixotrophs in the northern North Atlantic

Posted by mmaheigan

· Tuesday, April 16th, 2024

Mixotrophs (or mixoplankton) are now accepted as a third group of plankton alongside phytoplankton and zooplankton. Our knowledge of mixotrophs lags far behind that of the other two groups. We currently have only a limited understanding of mixotrophs’ biogeographical distribution across ocean basins, and what environmental factors are associated with their distribution.

The authors of a study recently published in Frontiers in Marine Science reviewed nearly 230,000 individual microplankton samples collected by the North Atlantic Continuous Plankton Recorder program between 1958 and 2015 and calculated the proportion of organisms that are considered mixotrophs in each sample. They classified protist species in the dataset as phytoplankton, mixotrophs, or microzooplankton (heterotrophs), based on existing literature. Taken together across seasonsin shelf waters (depth ≤ 300m), mixotrophs comprise a greater proportion of the microplankton community when nitrate is high and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) is low (e.g. during the late fall and winter), or when nitrate is low and PAR is moderate to high (e.g. during the summer and early fall). When both nitrate and PAR are high, mixotrophs comprise less of the community compared to phytoplankton. The same pattern was found in offshore waters (depth > 300m), but the key macronutrient was phosphate rather than nitrate. The annual average proportion of mixotrophs in microplankton samples compared to phytoplankton has increased since 1958 in the offshore portion of the study region, with a notable changepoint in 1993; this increasing trend is strongest in the winter season.

This paper is useful for aquatic ecologists who want to integrate mixotrophic plankton into their understanding of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. Understanding mixotroph temporal and spatial distributions, as well as the environmental conditions under which they flourish, is imperative to understanding their impact on trophic transfer and biogeochemical cycling.

Authors
Karen Stamieszkin (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences)
Nicole Millette (Virginia Institute of Marine Science)
Jessica Luo (NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)
Elizabeth Follett (University of Liverpool)
Nick Record (Bigelow Laboratory of Ocean Science)
David Johns (Marine Biological Association)

Backstory
This work and the collaboration that made it possible was catalyzed by the Eco-DAS XII symposium, attended by Karen Stamieszkin, Nicole Millette, Jessica Luo, and Elizabeth Follett in 2016. Nicole had an idea for an analysis but lacked collaborators, just as she was ready to give up on it, Karen, Jessica, and Elizabeth expressed interest in the project. Karen, Jessica, and Elizabeth each brought a unique perspective that helped make Nicole’s original idea more practical and ensured that the analysis would come to life.

The collaboration that began with this paper lead to the OCB Mixotrophs & Mixotrophy Working Group led by Karen, Jessica, and Nicole, and a successful grant proposal to study mixotrophy awarded to Nicole and Karen by NSF’s Biological Oceanography program. This story shows the importance and power of programs that connect researchers across disciplines, especially in the early stages of their careers.

Carbon sequestration by the biological pump is not exclusive to the deep ocean

Posted by mmaheigan

· Tuesday, April 16th, 2024

The biological carbon pump plays a key role in ocean carbon sequestration by transporting organic carbon from the upper ocean to deeper waters via three broad processes: the sinking of organic particles, vertical migration of organisms, and physical mixing. Most studies assume that century-scale carbon sequestration occurs only in the deep ocean, thus have missed sequestration that happens in the water column above 1,000m.

A recent publication reassessed the biological pump’s century-scale (≥100 years) carbon sequestration fluxes throughout the water column, by implementing the concept of ‘continuous vertical sequestration’ (CONVERSE). The resulting CONVERSE estimates were up to three times higher than those estimated at 1,000 m. This method shows that not only are these fluxes higher than previously thought, but also that vertical migration and physical mixing, which are generally neglected, make a significant contribution (20-30%) to carbon sequestration.

The CONVERSE method provides a new metric for calculations of the biological pump’s century-scale carbon sequestration flux that can be used to diagnose future changes in carbon sequestration fluxes in prognostic models of ocean biogeochemistry.

Interested in learning more? View more results and figures here.

Authors
Florian Ricour (Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium)
Lionel Guidi (CNRS and Sorbonne University, France)
Marion Gehlen (CEA, CNRS and Paris-Saclay University, France)
Timothy Devries (University of California at Santa Barbara, USA)
Louis Legendre (Sorbonne University, France)

@LionelGuidi
@ComplexLov
@CNRS_INSU

Funding for the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry Project Office is provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The OCB Project Office is housed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Author Archive for mmaheigan – Page 7

OCB Supports Early Career Participants in Cornell Satellite Remote Sensing Training Program 2024

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