abundance acidification additionality advection africa air-sea air-sea interactions albedo algae alkalinity allometry amendments ammonium AMO AMOC anoxic Antarctic Antarctica anthro impacts anthropogenic carbon anthropogenic impacts appendicularia aquaculture aquatic continuum aragonite saturation arctic Argo argon arsenic artificial seawater assumptions AT Atlantic atmospheric CO2 atmospheric nitrogen deposition authigenic carbonates autonomous platforms AUVs awb bacteria bathypelagic BATS BCG Argo benthic bgc argo bias bio-go-ship bio-optical bioavailability biogeochemical biogeochemical cycles biogeochemical models biogeochemistry Biological Essential Ocean Variables biological pump biomass biophysics bloom blue carbon bottom water boundary layer buffer capacity C14 CaCO3 calcification calcite carbon carbon-climate feedback carbon-sulfur coupling carbon 14 carbonate carbonate chemistry carbonate chemistry OAE carbonate system carbon budget carbon cycle carbon cycling carbon dioxide carbon export carbon fluxes carbon removal carbon sequestration carbon storage Caribbean CCA CCS changing marine chemistry changing marine ecosystems changing marine environments changing ocean chemistry chemical oceanographic data chemical speciation chemoautotroph chesapeake bay chl a chlorophyll circulation climate clouds CO2 CO3 coastal and estuarine coastal darkening coastal ocean cobalt Coccolithophores commercial community community composition competition conservation cooling effect copepod copepods coral reefs cruise CTD currents cyclone daily cycles data data access data assimilation database data management data product data sets Data standards DCM dead zone decadal trends decomposers decomposition deep convection deep ocean deep sea coral deep water deepwater horizon denitrification dense water deoxygenation depth diatoms DIC diel migration diffusion dimethylsulfide dinoflagellate dinoflagellates discrete measurements disequilibrium distribution DOC DOM domoic acid DOP dust DVM earth system ecological feedbacks ecology economics ecosystem management ecosystems eddy Education EEZ Ekman transport emissions ENSO enzyme equatorial current equatorial regions ESM estuarine and coastal carbon fluxes estuary euphotic zone eutrophication evolution export export fluxes export production extreme events faecal pellets fecal pellets filter feeders filtration rates fire fish Fish carbon fisheries fishing float floats fluid dynamics fluorescence food webs forage fish forams framework freshening freshwater frontal zone fronts functional role future oceans gelatinous zooplankton gene transfer geochemistry geoengineering geologic time GEOTRACES glaciers gliders global carbon budget global oceam global ocean global ocean models global overturning circulation global warming go-ship gradient grazing greenhouse gas greenhouse gases Greenland ground truthing groundwater Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf Stream gyre harmful algal bloom heat waves high latitude human food human impact human well-being hurricane hydrogen hydrothermal hypoxia ice age iceberg ice cores ice cover industrial onset inland waters in situ inverse circulation ions iron iron fertilization iron limitation isotopes jellies katabatic winds kelvin waves krill kuroshio lab vs field lagoon land land-ocean continuum larvaceans lateral transport LGM lidar ligands light light attenuation lineage lipids low nutrient machine learning mangroves marine carbon cycle marine heatwave marine particles marine snow marine snowfall marshes mCDR mechanisms Mediterranean meltwater mesocosm mesopelagic mesoscale mesoscale processes metagenome metals methane methods microbes microlayer microorganisms microplankton microplastics microscale microzooplankton midwater migration minerals mitigation mixed layer mixed layers mixing mixotrophs mixotrophy model modeling modeling atmosphere model validation mode water molecular diffusion MPT MRV multi-decade N2 n2o NAAMES NCP nearshore net community production net primary productivity new ocean state new technology Niskin bottle nitrate nitrogen nitrogen cycle nitrogen fixation nitrous oxide north atlantic north pacific North Sea NPP nuclear war nutricline nutrient budget nutrient cycles nutrient cycling nutrient limitation nutrients OA observations ocean-atmosphere ocean acidification ocean acidification data ocean alkalinity enhancement ocean carbon uptake & storage ocean carbon uptake and storage ocean color ocean interior ocean modeling ocean observatories ocean warming ODZ oil oligotrophic omics OMZ open ocean optics organic carbon organic particles oscillation outwelling overturning circulation oxidizing oxygen oxygen-deficient pacific paleoceanography PAR parameter optimization parasite particle flux particles partnerships pCO2 PDO peat pelagic perturbation PETM pH phenology phosphate phosphorus photosynthesis physical processes physiology phytoplankton PIC piezophilic piezotolerant plankton POC polar polar regions policy pollutants precipitation predation predator-prey predators prediction pressure primary productivity Prochlorococcus productivity prokaryotes proteins pteropods pycnocline python radioisotopes redox remineralization remote sensing repeat hydrography residence time resource management respiration resuspension rivers rocky shore Rossby waves Ross Sea ROV salinity salt marsh satellite scale seafloor seagrass sea ice sea level rise seasonal seasonal effects seasonality seasonal patterns seasonal trends sea spray sea surface seawater collection seaweed secchi sediments sensor sensors sequestration shelf ocean shelf system shells ship-based obs ship-based observations shorelines siderophore silica silicate silicon cycle sink sinking sinking particles size SOCCOM soil carbon solubility pump southern ocean south pacific spatial covariations speciation spring mixing SST state estimation stoichiometry stratification subduction submesoscale subpolar subtropical sulfate surf surface surface ocean surface water surface waters Synechococcus technology teleconnections temperate temperature temporal covariations thermocline thermodynamics thermohaline thorium tidal time time-series time of emergence titration top predators total alkalinity trace elements trace metals trait-based transfer efficiency transient features trawling Tris trophic interactions trophic transfer tropical turbulence twilight zone upper ocean upper water column upwelling US CLIVAR validation velocity gradient ventilation vertical flux vertical migration vertical transport viruses warming water clarity water column water mass water quality waves weathering western boundary currents wetlands winter mixing zooplankton